{"id":4922,"date":"2024-02-09T15:54:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T15:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/?page_id=4922"},"modified":"2025-08-19T17:47:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T17:47:38","slug":"world-war-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/history\/world-war-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2. vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00e1bor\u00fa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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II. vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00a0<\/div>

N\u00e1ci N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g
<\/strong>A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa alatt Hollandia az Adolf Hitler vezette n\u00e1ci N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g kez\u00e9be ker\u00fclt. A n\u00e9met csapatok 1940-ben sz\u00e1llt\u00e1k meg az orsz\u00e1got, \u00e9s r\u00f6vid harc ut\u00e1n a hollandok megadt\u00e1k magukat. A megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s 1945-ig tartott, \u00e9s neh\u00e9z id\u0151szak volt ez a hollandok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Rotterdam v\u00e1ros\u00e1t bomb\u00e1z\u00e1sok puszt\u00edtott\u00e1k el. A hollandok abbahagyt\u00e1k a harcot, a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 pedig Angli\u00e1ba menek\u00fclt.

A zsid\u00f3k helyzete
<\/strong>Hitler a zsid\u00f3kat tette felel\u0151ss\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pa probl\u00e9m\u00e1i\u00e9rt. A zsid\u00f3k jogait korl\u00e1tozt\u00e1k, b\u00f6rt\u00f6n\u00f6kbe \u00e9s t\u00e1borokba k\u00fcldt\u00e9k \u0151ket. Ezekben a t\u00e1borokban sokakat g\u00e1zkamr\u00e1kban \u00f6ltek meg, vagy betegs\u00e9gben \u00e9s \u00e9hez\u00e9sben haltak meg. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny zsid\u00f3 titkos helyeken rejt\u0151z\u00f6tt el, \u00fagynevezett bujk\u00e1l\u00f3 emberek. \u00d6sszesen hatmilli\u00f3 zsid\u00f3t \u00f6ltek meg.

V\u00e9gre szabads\u00e1g
<\/strong>A h\u00e1bor\u00fa neh\u00e9zs\u00e9geket hozott, kev\u00e9s \u00e9lelemmel \u00e9s hideg id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1ssal. Aki seg\u00edtett a zsid\u00f3knak, azt megb\u00fcntett\u00e9k. Hitler megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lta megh\u00f3d\u00edtani Oroszorsz\u00e1got is, de a kem\u00e9ny t\u00e9li k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek megnehez\u00edtett\u00e9k a n\u00e9met katon\u00e1k dolg\u00e1t. Olyan orsz\u00e1gok, mint Amerika, Kanada, Anglia \u00e9s Oroszorsz\u00e1g harcoltak N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g ellen. 1945-ben N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1got legy\u0151zt\u00e9k, \u00e9s m\u00e1jus 5-\u00e9n Hollandia felszabadult.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Anne Frank<\/strong><\/h3>

Anne Frank zsid\u00f3 l\u00e1ny volt, aki Amszterdamban \u00e9lt a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa alatt. Csal\u00e1dj\u00e1val 1942-ben bujk\u00e1lt, hogy elker\u00fclje, hogy a n\u00e1cik elfogj\u00e1k, \u00e9s koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3s t\u00e1borokba k\u00fcldj\u00e9k a zsid\u00f3kat. Anne \u00e9s csal\u00e1dja k\u00e9t \u00e9vig \u00e9lt egy titkos mell\u00e9k\u00e9p\u00fcletben, miel\u0151tt 1944-ben el\u00e1rult\u00e1k \u00e9s elfogt\u00e1k \u0151ket a n\u00e1cik. Anne 1945-ben, 15 \u00e9vesen egy n\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gi koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3s t\u00e1borban halt meg.

H\u00edres napl\u00f3ja
<\/strong>Napl\u00f3j\u00e1t, amelyet rejt\u0151zk\u00f6d\u00e9s k\u00f6zben vezetett, k\u00e9s\u0151bb kiadt\u00e1k, \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g egyik legolvasottabb k\u00f6nyv\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, amely szem\u00e9lyes \u00e9s megrend\u00edt\u0151 besz\u00e1mol\u00f3t ny\u00fajt a holokauszt sz\u00f6rny\u0171s\u00e9geir\u0151l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Anne Frank<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00c1rv\u00edzkatasztr\u00f3fa 1953<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A h\u00e1bor\u00fa befejez\u00e9se ut\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>

A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa 1945-\u00f6s befejez\u00e9se ut\u00e1n Hollandi\u00e1ban az \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s id\u0151szaka k\u00f6vetkezett. Az orsz\u00e1g sokat szenvedett a h\u00e1bor\u00fa alatt, infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1nak nagy r\u00e9sze elpusztult, \u00e9s sok polg\u00e1ra meghalt vagy kitelep\u00edtett. A hollandok azonban elt\u00f6k\u00e9ltek az \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9sben, \u00e9s a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi seg\u00e9lyek \u00e9s korm\u00e1nyzati programok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel az orsz\u00e1g k\u00e9pes volt talpra \u00e1llni.

A h\u00e1bor\u00fa ut\u00e1ni id\u0151szakban Hollandi\u00e1ban jelent\u0151s t\u00e1rsadalmi, gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s politikai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6vetkeztek be. Az orsz\u00e1g egyre vir\u00e1gz\u00f3bb\u00e1 \u00e9s fejlettebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, \u00e9s nagy hangs\u00falyt fektetett a szoci\u00e1lis j\u00f3l\u00e9tre, valamint a modern j\u00f3l\u00e9ti \u00e1llam megteremt\u00e9s\u00e9re. 1953-ban katasztr\u00f3fa t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. Az orsz\u00e1g nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Zeeland tartom\u00e1nyt el\u00f6nt\u00f6tte az \u00e1rv\u00edz. T\u00f6bb mint 1800 ember halt meg. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en meger\u0151s\u00edtett\u00e9k a g\u00e1takat \u00e9s \u00faj g\u00e1takat \u00e9p\u00edtettek (a projektet Delta-tervnek nevezt\u00e9k el).

Csatlakoz\u00e1s az ENSZ-hez
<\/strong>A hollandok akt\u00edv szerepet j\u00e1tszottak a nemzetk\u00f6zi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben is, csatlakoztak az ENSZ-hez \u00e9s m\u00e1s nemzetk\u00f6zi szervezetekhez.

Az ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 \u00e9vtizedekben Hollandia a t\u00e1rsadalmi k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekkel - p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3szer-politik\u00e1val, az eutan\u00e1zi\u00e1val \u00e9s az azonos nem\u0171ek h\u00e1zass\u00e1g\u00e1val - kapcsolatos liber\u00e1lis \u00e9s toler\u00e1ns hozz\u00e1\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l v\u00e1lt ismertt\u00e9.

Csatlakoz\u00e1s a NATO-hoz
<\/strong>Hollandia a NATO tagja. Amikor egy orsz\u00e1g csatlakozik a NATO-hoz, az azt jelenti, hogy tagja lesz az \u00c9szak-atlanti Szerz\u0151d\u00e9s Szervezete nev\u0171 csoportnak. A NATO-t \u00e9szak-amerikai \u00e9s eur\u00f3pai orsz\u00e1gok alkotj\u00e1k. A NATO f\u0151 c\u00e9lja az, hogy egy\u00fctt dolgozzanak egym\u00e1s v\u00e9delm\u00e9ben \u00e9s meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1ban. Ez\u00e9rt ez egy katonai szervezet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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M\u00e1s orsz\u00e1gokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 emberek<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00a0<\/div>

1970, \u00faj bev\u00e1ndorl\u00f3k
<\/strong>1970 k\u00f6r\u00fcl a gazdas\u00e1g er\u0151teljesen n\u00f6vekedett. A hollandok nem akartak sok munk\u00e1t elv\u00e9gezni, amit el kellett v\u00e9gezni. T\u00f6r\u00f6korsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00e9s Marokk\u00f3b\u00f3l hoztak embereket, akik hajland\u00f3ak voltak ezt a munk\u00e1t elv\u00e9gezni. Ezeket a bev\u00e1ndorl\u00f3kat \"vend\u00e9gmunk\u00e1soknak\" nevezt\u00e9k. Sokan visszamentek, de sokan maradtak is. Ez jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat eredm\u00e9nyezett a lakoss\u00e1g \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel\u00e9ben, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nagyv\u00e1rosokban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Rotterdamban \u00e9s H\u00e1g\u00e1ban. Ez fesz\u00fclts\u00e9geket eredm\u00e9nyezett. Manaps\u00e1g neh\u00e9z Hollandi\u00e1ba beutazni. A polg\u00e1ri integr\u00e1ci\u00f3s t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny 2007 \u00f3ta van \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben.

Az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 polg\u00e1rai
<\/strong>Mivel az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3b\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151k szabadon utazhatnak, sokan \u00e9rkeztek az orsz\u00e1gba p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Lengyelorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00e9s Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1b\u00f3l. Lengyelorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul sokan dolgoznak az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151iparban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vend\u00e9gmunk\u00e1sok, sokan Lengyelorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00e9rkeztek\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfolytat\u00e1s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

War World War II \u00a0 Nazi GermanyDuring World War II, the Netherlands was taken over by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler. German troops invaded the country in 1940, and after a short fight, the Dutch surrendered. The occupation lasted until 1945, and it was a difficult time for the Dutch people. The city of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3258,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4922","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4922"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6358,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4922\/revisions\/6358"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}