{"id":5568,"date":"2024-02-14T16:03:58","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T16:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/?page_id=5568"},"modified":"2025-08-19T17:35:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T17:35:11","slug":"the-educational-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/education\/the-educational-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Az oktat\u00e1si rendszer"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Az oktat\u00e1si rendszer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Oktat\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9letkorokban<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Az oktat\u00e1si rendszer: \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h3>

A hollandiai oktat\u00e1s t\u00f6bb id\u0151szakra oszlik:<\/p>

\u00d3voda \u00e9s \u00f3voda:\u00a0<\/strong>A gyerekek 0 \u00e9s 4 \u00e9ves kor k\u00f6z\u00f6tt napk\u00f6ziben (\"kleuterdagverblijf\") nevelkedhetnek. E mellett van egy \u00f3vod\u00e1nak nevezett v\u00e1ltozat. Az \u00f3voda (\"kleuterschool\") tulajdonk\u00e9ppen hasonl\u00edt a napk\u00f6zi otthonra, de most a gyerekek 2-4 \u00e9ves koruk k\u00f6z\u00f6tt j\u00e1rnak ebbe az oktat\u00e1si form\u00e1ba.<\/p>

\u00c1ltal\u00e1nos iskola\u00a0<\/strong>(alapiskola): A gyerekek 4 \u00e9s 12 \u00e9ves kor k\u00f6z\u00f6tt j\u00e1rnak ide. Itt tanulnak meg olvasni, \u00edrni, sz\u00e1molni \u00e9s m\u00e1s tant\u00e1rgyakat, amelyekr\u0151l r\u00e9szletesebben is besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk.<\/p>


K\u00f6z\u00e9piskola\u00a0<\/strong>(voortgezet onderwijs): Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskola ut\u00e1n a gyerekek 12 \u00e9ves korukt\u00f3l k\u00f6z\u00e9pfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1sban vesznek r\u00e9szt. A 2 \u00e9ves els\u0151 szakasz ut\u00e1n h\u00e1rom t\u00edpus k\u00f6vetkezik.<\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/voortgezet-onderwijs.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>


vmbo<\/strong>: Ez a t\u00edpus 4 \u00e9vig tart. Seg\u00edt a gyermekeknek felk\u00e9sz\u00fclni a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1sra (MBO).
havo<\/strong>: Ez a t\u00edpus 5 \u00e9vig tart. Seg\u00edti a gyerekeket a fels\u0151oktat\u00e1sra val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9sben (HBO).
vwo<\/strong>: Ez a t\u00edpus 6 \u00e9vig tart. Felk\u00e9sz\u00edti a gyerekeket az egyetemre (WO)<\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/vmbo-havo-vwo.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>


A VMBO egy speci\u00e1lis munkak\u00f6r bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges oktat\u00e1shoz vezet, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00e1cs, \u00e1pol\u00f3 vagy szerel\u0151. Az ilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa oktat\u00e1st MBO-nak nevezik..\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mbo.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>


\u00c1ltal\u00e1nos t\u00e9vhit, hogy a magasabb iskolai v\u00e9gzetts\u00e9g mindig magasabb j\u00f6vedelemmel j\u00e1r. Egy j\u00f3 \u00e1csnak ugyanolyan j\u00f6vedelme lehet, mint egy tudom\u00e1nyos kutat\u00f3nak.<\/p>

Fels\u0151oktat\u00e1s (hoger onderwijs):<\/strong>
K\u00e9tf\u00e9le t\u00edpus l\u00e9tezik:
Alkalmazott tudom\u00e1nyos iskol\u00e1k<\/strong>\u00a0(HBO): Itt a di\u00e1kok speci\u00e1lis k\u00e9szs\u00e9geket tanulnak a munkahelyek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.
Egyetemek\u00a0<\/strong>(WO): Itt a hallgat\u00f3k a legmagasabb fokozatokat szerezhetik meg, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az alap- vagy mesterk\u00e9pz\u00e9s.<\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/HBO-wo.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Iskolarendszer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00d3vod\u00e1k \u00e9s iskol\u00e1k kisgyermekek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra<\/strong><\/h3>

\"Kinderdagverblijf\"<\/strong><\/p>


A \"Kinderdagverblijf\" azt jelenti, hogy gyermeknapi tart\u00f3zkod\u00e1s. Ez egy olyan hely, ahol a kisgyermekek (0-4 \u00e9ves korig) biztons\u00e1gos helyen j\u00e1tszhatnak \u00e9s tanulhatnak, amikor sz\u00fcleik elfoglaltak. Ez az \"oktat\u00e1s\" mindig mag\u00e1njelleg\u0171. A holland korm\u00e1ny ellen\u0151rzi, hogy ezek a helyek val\u00f3ban biztons\u00e1gosak \u00e9s j\u00f3k. Mivel ez mag\u00e1nint\u00e9zm\u00e9ny, fizetni kell \u00e9rte. Azoknak a sz\u00fcl\u0151knek, akiknek nincs meg az anyagi lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fck a fizet\u00e9sre, a korm\u00e1nyt\u00f3l kaphatnak anyagi t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st. Ezt a holland ad\u00f3hivatal honlapj\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl kell k\u00e9relmezni. Egy \u00fagynevezett DigiD-t kell haszn\u00e1lni, amely digit\u00e1lis \u00fatlev\u00e9lnek tekinthet\u0151.<\/p>

Hollandi\u00e1ban a \"kinderdagverblijf\" \u00e9s a \"kleuteropvang\" egyar\u00e1nt a kisgyermekek gyermekgondoz\u00e1s\u00e1val kapcsolatos kifejez\u00e9sek. Van azonban n\u00e9h\u00e1ny alapvet\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g a kett\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt:<\/p>

\"Kleuteropvang \/ Kleuterschool\/Peuterschool\"<\/strong><\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/kleutr-peuter.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>


A \"Kleuteropvang \/ Kleuterschool\/Peuterschool\" az \u00f3vodai tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekre \u00e9s az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1ra val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9sre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt (sz\u00f3 szerint \"kisgyermekgondoz\u00e1s \/ kisgyermekiskola\"), kifejezetten a 2-4 \u00e9ves kor\u00fa gyermekek gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkozik. Gyakran a \"kinderdagverblijf\" \u00e9s az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskola k\u00f6z\u00f6tti h\u00eddnak tekintik. A Kleuteropvang jellemz\u0151en az iskola el\u0151tti tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekre \u00e9s az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1ra val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9sre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt az \u00edr\u00e1s-olvas\u00e1s, a sz\u00e1mol\u00e1s \u00e9s a szoci\u00e1lis k\u00e9szs\u00e9gek fejleszt\u00e9se r\u00e9v\u00e9n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Napk\u00f6zi otthon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Az oktat\u00e1s k\u00f6telez\u0151<\/strong><\/h3>

Hollandi\u00e1ban az oktat\u00e1s \"verplicht\".<\/p>


A \"leerplicht\"-r\u00f3l (tanul\u00e1si k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9g) is besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk:<\/p>

https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/leerplicht.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>


5-16 \u00e9ves korig:<\/strong>\u00a0A nappali oktat\u00e1s minden 5 \u00e9s 16 \u00e9v k\u00f6z\u00f6tti gyermek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00f6telez\u0151. Ez \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1val (\"basisonderwijs\") kezd\u0151dik, majd a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1s (\"voortgezet onderwijs\") k\u00f6vetkezik.<\/p>

16-18 \u00e9ves korig<\/strong>: Van egy \"r\u00e9szleges leerplicht\" a 16-18 \u00e9vesek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Ez azt jelenti, hogy tov\u00e1bbra is r\u00e9szt kell venni\u00fck valamilyen oktat\u00e1sban vagy k\u00e9pz\u00e9sben legal\u00e1bb heti k\u00e9t napot. Ez lehet k\u00f6z\u00e9pfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1s, szakk\u00e9pz\u00e9s (\"middelbaar beroepsonderwijs\" vagy MBO) vagy fels\u0151fok\u00fa szakk\u00e9pz\u00e9s (\"hoger beroepsonderwijs\" vagy HBO).<\/p>

Az iskol\u00e1k ellen\u0151rzik, ha a gyermekek ok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl hi\u00e1nyoznak. Ha alapos ok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl hi\u00e1nyoznak, a sz\u00fcl\u0151k p\u00e9nzb\u00edrs\u00e1got kapnak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Melyek a legfontosabb tant\u00e1rgyak az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h3>

Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1ban sok mindent megtanulunk. Ezek a f\u0151 tant\u00e1rgyak:

Nyelv<\/strong>: Megtanulunk olvasni, \u00edrni \u00e9s hallgatni.
Matematika<\/strong>: Megtanuljuk az alapvet\u0151 sz\u00e1mokat \u00e9s a gondolkod\u00e1st.
Tudom\u00e1ny<\/strong>: Megismerj\u00fck a term\u00e9szetet \u00e9s a dolgok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t.
T\u00e1rsadalmi tanulm\u00e1nyok<\/strong>: Megismerj\u00fck a m\u00faltat, a helyeket \u00e9s a szab\u00e1lyokat.

Azt is megtudjuk:

M\u0171v\u00e9szetek<\/strong>: Zen\u00e9t, rajzol\u00e1st \u00e9s sz\u00ednj\u00e1tsz\u00e1st tanulunk.
Testnevel\u00e9s:<\/strong>\u00a0Megtanulunk mozogni \u00e9s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gesek lenni.
Szem\u00e9lyes \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi:\u00a0<\/strong>Tanulunk az \u00e9rz\u00e9sekr\u0151l, a bar\u00e1tokr\u00f3l \u00e9s arr\u00f3l, hogyan lehet\u00fcnk j\u00f3 emberek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A fejl\u0151d\u00e9s nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9nek m\u00f3dja<\/strong><\/h3>

Tan\u00e1ri \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9sek
<\/strong>A tan\u00e1rok folyamatosan \u00e9rt\u00e9kelik a tanul\u00f3k fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t megfigyel\u00e9sek, \u00f3rai munka \u00e9s inform\u00e1lis tesztek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ez a folyamatos \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s seg\u00edti a tan\u00e1rokat abban, hogy az oktat\u00e1st az egy\u00e9ni ig\u00e9nyekhez igaz\u00edts\u00e1k, \u00e9s hogy a tanul\u00e1s sor\u00e1n felismerj\u00e9k a neh\u00e9zs\u00e9geket.

Portf\u00f3li\u00f3k \u00e9s jelent\u00e9sek
<\/strong>A tanul\u00f3k munk\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t gyakran portf\u00f3li\u00f3kban gy\u0171jtik \u00f6ssze, vagy id\u0151szakos bizony\u00edtv\u00e1nyokban dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k, \u00e1tfog\u00f3 k\u00e9pet ny\u00fajtva eredm\u00e9nyeikr\u0151l \u00e9s a fejlesztend\u0151 ter\u00fcletekr\u0151l.

Szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edtott tesztek
<\/strong>A 8. csoportban ij t\u00e9ny az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskola utols\u00f3 \u00e9v\u00e9ben a tanul\u00f3k standardiz\u00e1lt tesztet \u00edrhatnak, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a j\u00f3l ismert CITO-teszt,Ez a teszt az olyan alapvet\u0151 tant\u00e1rgyak szintj\u00e9t m\u00e9ri fel, mint a holland nyelv, a matematika \u00e9s a tanul\u00e1si k\u00e9szs\u00e9gek. Az eredm\u00e9nyek seg\u00edtenek abban, hogy aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sokat adjanak a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szakaszra (a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 iskolat\u00edpusra).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Az oktat\u00e1s szabads\u00e1ga<\/strong><\/h3>

Hollandi\u00e1ban mindenki kiv\u00e1laszthatja a gyermek\u00e9nek a neki tetsz\u0151 iskol\u00e1t. V\u00e1laszthat \u00e1llami iskol\u00e1t, mag\u00e1niskol\u00e1t vagy vall\u00e1si elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sekkel rendelkez\u0151 iskol\u00e1t.

A korm\u00e1ny p\u00e9nzt ad ezeknek az iskol\u00e1knak, ha j\u00f3k. \u00cdgy a sz\u00fcl\u0151k sokf\u00e9le iskol\u00e1t v\u00e1laszthatnak a gyerekeiknek.

Az iskol\u00e1k azt is megv\u00e1laszthatj\u00e1k, hogy mit \u00e9s hogyan tan\u00edtanak. Ez az\u00e9rt j\u00f3, mert az iskol\u00e1k azt tehetik, ami a legjobb a di\u00e1kjaik sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.

Mi a j\u00f3 ebben?

A sz\u00fcl\u0151k kiv\u00e1laszthatj\u00e1k a legjobb iskol\u00e1t gyermekeik sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.
Az iskol\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3don tan\u00edthatnak.
Az iskol\u00e1k \u00faj tan\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereket pr\u00f3b\u00e1lhatnak ki.
Az iskol\u00e1knak j\u00f3 munk\u00e1t kell v\u00e9gezni\u00fck, mert a sz\u00fcl\u0151k figyelnek.

Vannak azonban probl\u00e9m\u00e1k is. A korm\u00e1ny ellen\u0151rzi, hogy minden iskola j\u00f3-e. \u00c9s seg\u00edtenek azoknak a csal\u00e1doknak, akiknek nincs sok p\u00e9nz\u00fck, hogy a gyerekeik j\u00f3 iskol\u00e1ba j\u00e1rhassanak.

V\u00e9g\u00fcl is ez az iskolai szabads\u00e1g j\u00f3t tesz Hollandi\u00e1ban. Seg\u00edt a gyerekeknek a legjobb oktat\u00e1sban r\u00e9szes\u00fclni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Szabads\u00e1g<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfolytat\u00e1s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The educational system Education at different ages The educational system: overview Education in the Netherlands is split into several periods: Daycare and preschool:\u00a0Kids can go to a daycare (“kleuterdagverblijf”) from age 0 – 4. Next to this we have a variant called preschool. In fact a preschool (“kleuterschool”) resembles daycare but now children go this […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3363,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5568","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5568"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6295,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5568\/revisions\/6295"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mijn-lo.nl\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}